Showing posts with label Persons. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Persons. Show all posts

5 Sept 2016

PERSONS - Akkamura Shunsaku


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Akkamura Shunsaku 安家村俊作 "Shunsaku from Akkamura village"
佐々木俊作 Sasaki Shunsaku

(1810 - 1837)
Also known as 茂右衛門 Moemon, he later changed his name to Shunsaku.
He was the eldest son of the village leader 佐々木茂右衛門.

安家村 Akkamura is a small remote village in 岩手県 Iwate prefecture. In 1956 it became part of Iwaizumi 岩泉町安家.

Shunsuke was the leader of two farmer's rebellions in the Nanbu Domain 南部三閉伊一揆.
He kept a diary about the events in his village, its bad treatment by the Nanbu regents and the ongoing famine for about 19 years, from 1830 till 1848.
He was one of the leaders of the two
Sanhei Ikki 三閉伊一揆 Sanhei Rebellions of 1847 and 1854
after a severe famine, walking with about 16000 farmers and fishermen all the way to the domaine of the Date 伊達 in Sendai, asking for help.

It all begun with blowing a horagai ほら貝 conch shell from a small hill in 田野畑村 Tanohata village. The sound was heard and passed on and the people begun to move South. They wore a small straw bags with food and even took a bowl with them.
Every village carried their own flag.
Some even had fire weapons (the matagi hunters), others bamboo spears and swords.

They went South along the Tohoku coast, via 宮古 Miyako, 大槌 Otsuchi, 釜石 Kamaishi and finally to the domaine of Sendai.
This was just three days after Perry had shown up with four "black ships" in Uraga, near Edo.
The rebels had a long list of demands they wanted to be granted from their new regent, not only including the farmers and fishermen, but also merchants, salt producers, cloth dyers and other businesses.
Eventually their 49 demands 四十九カ条の要求 were granted in written, 「安堵状」, 「御百姓」
At first, nobody was punished for the rebellion. But eventually just one, Shunsaku, had to be punished to "keep the law".

Shunsaku was punished with exile to 下北半島 Shimokita Hanto.
He was later pardoned and went to Hokkaido, where he lived under the name of
菊池政美 Kikuchi Masami.

Shunsuke had also been to Shikoku in 1842, and took the chance to walk the Henro pilgrimage, writing another diary, 西国巡礼道中記 .

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安家村俊作 三閉伊一揆の民衆像 Akkamura Shunsaku : Sanhei ikki no minshūzō
Chadani Jūroku 茶谷十六 Chadani Juroku (1941 - )

- quote
佐々木俊作 Sasaki Shunsaku
1810-1873 江戸時代後期の農民。
- kotobank -

"安家村俊作とは 
安家村(あっかむら)は、昭和31年(1956年)まで岩手県下閉伊郡にあった村。現在の岩泉町安家にあたる。
- wikipedia -

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南部三閉伊一揆とは
四十九カ条の要求を実現
勤労人民の自覚と誇りが
一揆支えた自治と協同の力
- reference source : nouminren.ne.jp/dat - 新聞「農民」2002.9.16付

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俊作(菊地氏先祖代々)のお墓 Grave of Shunsaku and the Kikuchi family

安家村俊作 with photos (5)
俊作(菊地氏先祖代々)のお墓。
俊作の生家は安家村川口
『安家村俊作』 茶谷十六
『一揆の奔流』『一揆の奔涛』『いわいずみふるさとノート』 佐々木京一
- reference source : takuworld.blog15.fc2.com -

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. Welcome to Edo 江戸 ! .

. Famous Buddhist Priests - ABC-List .


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to PERSONS - index - PERSONEN on 8/30/2016 05:06:00 pm

30 Aug 2016

PERSON - Yukawa Shodo



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Yukawa Shoodoo 湯川松堂 Yukawa Shodo
(1868 - ? )

Painter of Nihonga 日本画家.
He was born in Wakayama, and know as Ainosuke 愛之助.
His teachers were 三谷貞広 Mitani Sadahiro and 鈴木松年 Suzuki Shonen (1848 - 1918).
He lived in Osaka and was still alive in 1915.
The exact date of his death is not known.


- quote
湯川松堂筆  達磨図 Daruma










- source : chilyarennjiyanoyasai

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湯川松堂筆『達磨図』Standing Daruma






- source : -

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. . . CLICK here for more Japanese Photos !

. . . CLICK here for more Photos in English !

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- Reference - 湯川松堂 -
- Reference - Yukawa Shodo painter -


. Introducing Japanese Haiku Poets .

- - - #yukawashodo - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to PERSONS - index - PERSONEN on 8/30/2016 01:38:00 pm

PERSON - Baisao old tea seller


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Baisaoo, Baisaō 売茶翁 Baisao, "Old Tea Seller"
賣茶翁 (ばいさおう) / 高遊外 Ko Yugai.

(1675 – 1763)


Baisaō with his portable tea stand,
as depicted in a gently comical caricature painting of the late 19th–early 20th century

- quote
was a Japanese Buddhist monk of the Obaku school of Zen Buddhism, who became famous for traveling around Kyoto selling tea. The veneration of Baisao during and after his lifetime helped to popularize sencha tea and led to the creation of the sencha tea ceremony.

Baisao went by many names during his lifetime, as was common at the time. As a child, he was known as Shibayama Kikusen. When he became a monk, his Zen priest name was 月海元昭 Gekkai Gensho. Baisao, the nickname by which he is popularly known, means "old tea seller." He acquired this name from his act of making tea in the Kyoto area.
Later in his life, he denounced his priesthood and adopted the lay name of 高遊外 Ko Yugai.

Baisao was born in the town of Hasuike in what was then Hizen Province.
- snip -
Tea
Around 1735, Baisao began selling tea in the various scenic locations in Kyoto. At this time, he had not yet formally given up his priesthood. Baisao never sold his tea for a fixed price. Instead, he carried a bamboo tube with which he collected donations. He lived an ascetic life, despite his lasting friendships with illustrious individuals, and used the meagre donations from his tea peddling to keep himself nourished. As for his tea equipment, he carried it all in a woven bamboo basket he called Senka ("den of the sages") that he lugged around on a stick over his shoulder.

Baisao's method of preparing tea was referred to as sencha, or "simmered tea". In this method, whole tea leaves would be tossed into a pot of boiling water and simmered for a short period of time. This style of tea differed from matcha, the most common tea in Japan at the time, which consists of tea leaves ground into a fine powder. The method of brewing tea by grinding it into a powder and whisking it with hot water was popular in China in the Song dynasty, during which Zen Buddhist monks first brought the practice to Japan. By contrast, the Obaku school of Zen specialized in brewing loose leaf green tea, a style that had gradually become popular in China during the Ming dynasty. Sencha partisans of the time opposed the rigid, elaborate formalism of the traditional chanoyu tea ceremony, which uses matcha. The comparative simplicity of adding tea leaves to water appealed to many Japanese monks and intellectuals (among them Baisao and much of his social circle) who admired the carefree attitude advocated by the ancient Chinese sages. Baisao himself saw tea as a path to spiritual enlightenment, a point he made repeatedly in his poetry.

It is not known where Baisao originally obtained his tea leaves from, but by 1738, the sencha method of brewing tea had become popular enough that one of his acquaintances, a tea grower in Uji, developed new production methods to create a type of tea named after the brewing method. This sencha tea was made of whole, young leaves which were steamed and then dried. This technique differs from the typical Chinese method of producing loose leaf tea, which does not involve steaming. Baisao himself praised the tea highly, and the term sencha has come to refer primarily to the tea leaves produced by this method, not to the method of brewing them.
- snip -
Baisao's poetry and calligraphy
are considered important in the Zen history of Japan, especially in Kyoto where Baisao was well known. His poetry was highly regarded by the artists of 18th century Kyoto, which was more "liberal" than the capital city of Edo (modern Tokyo). Over 100 of his poems have survived. Some of Baisao's writings were published in 1748 as A Collection of Tea Documents from the Plum Mountain (Baisanshu chafu ryaku). In this text, Baisao argued for the philosophical superiority of sencha over chanoyu, and wrote that priests who performed the chanoyu tea ceremony were as far from the example of the ancient sages as heaven from earth.
- snip -
Today, Baisao is considered one of the first sencha masters. After his death, sencha continued to rise in popularity, gradually replacing matcha as the most popular type of tea in Japan.
- source : wikipedia

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高遊外売茶翁佐賀地域協議会
佐賀市松原4丁目6番18号 / Saga, Matsubara
- source : kouyugaibaisao.com -

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The Old Tea Seller: Life and Zen Poetry in 18th Century Kyoto
by Baisao (Author), Norman Waddell (Translator)


Baisao was an influential and unconventional figure in a culturally rich time period in Kyoto. A poet and Buddhist priest, he left the constrictions of temple life behind and at the age of 49 traveled to Kyoto, where he began to make his living by selling tea on the streets and at scenic places around the city. Yet Baisao dispensed much more than tea: though he would never purport to be a Zen master, his clientele, which consisted of influential artists, poets, and thinkers, considered a trip to his shop as having religious importance. His large bamboo wicker baskets provided Baisao and his customers with an occasion for conversation and poetry, as well as exceptional tea.
The poems, memoirs, and letters collected here trace his spiritual and physical journey over a long life. This book includes virtually all of his writings translated for the first time into English, together with the first biography of Baisao to appear in any language. It is bound to establish Baisao's place alongside other Zen-inspired poets such as Basho and Ryokan.
- source : www.amazon.com -


The Old Tea Seller: Life and Zen Poetry in 18th Century Kyoto
By Baisa Baisa

- source : books.google.co.jp -


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Searching for the Spirit of the Sages: Baisaō and Sencha in Japan
by Patricia J. Graham - 1996
PDF file

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Baisaō on a Footbridge by 伊藤若冲 Itō Jakuchū (1716-1800)

- quote -
賣茶翁 Baisaō (1675-1763)
..... Baisaō was an inspirational and unconventional figure in a culturally rich time period in Kyoto.
.....
Book reviewed by Joseph S. O'Leary, Sophia University
Book reviewed by Vladimir K.
.....

- - - - - Two quotes from Baisaō:
"The price for this tea is anything
from a hundred in gold to a half sen.
If you want to drink free, that's all right too.
I'm only sorry I can't let you have it for less."



"What's the tea seller got in his basket?
Bottomless tea cups?
A two-spouted pot?
He pokes around town for a small bit of rice,
Working very hard for next to nothing ---
Blinkering old drudge just plodding ahead ...
Bah!"



portrait by 田能村竹田 Tanomura Chikuden (1777-1835)

More illustrations and translations of his writing are here :
- source : terebess.hu/zen/mesterek -

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Making the busy streets my home
right down in the heart of things
only one friend shares my poverty
this single scrawny wooden staff.
Having learned the ways of silence
within the noise of urban life
I take life as it comes to me
and everywhere I am is true.

Rambling free beyond the world
enjoying the natural shapes of things
a shaggy eight-year-old duffer
scraping out a living selling tea.
He escapes starvation, barely,
thanks to a section of bamboo,
a tiny house with a window hole
provides all the shelter he needs.

Outside, carts and horses pass
annulling both noise and quiet
inside, easy talk at the stove
banishes notions of host and guest.
He lives under a row of tall pines
beside a temple of guardian sages
where the pine breeze sweeps clear
the dust of fame and profit.



I'm not a Buddhist or Taoist
not a Confucianist either
I'm a brownfaced white-haired
hard up old man.
People think I just prowl
the streets peddling tea.
I've got the whole universe
in this tea caddy of mine.

Left home at ten
turned from the world
here I am in my dotage
a layman once again;
A black bat of a man
(it makes me smile myself)
but still the old tea seller
I always was.

Seventy years of Zen
got me nowhere at all
shed my black robe
became a shaggy crank.
now I have no business
with sacred or profane
just simmer tea for folks
and hold starvation back.

Tr. Norman Waddell


Baisao makes a good case for a simple but elegant life of attention, beauty, and contentment that honors old age and the impermanence of life.
- source : spiritualityandpractice.com -

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朱泥ダルマ彫煎茶 Cup for Sencha
made from shudei 朱泥 red clay from China

. Sencha 煎茶  .
a Japanese green tea, specifically one made without grinding the tea leaves.

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仙台市の 売茶翁 ( ばいさおう ) の「みちのくせんべい」
- reference : takedala/dokugen -


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 8/26/2016 01:07:00 pm

EDO - Baba Bunko


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Baba Bunkoo, Baba Bunkō 馬場文耕 Baba Bunko
(1718 - 1759)
(享保3年(1718年) - 宝暦8年12月29日(1759年1月27日))



His real name was Nakai 中井, he also used the names 左馬次 and Bunzaemon 文右衛門.
He lived in the time of Shogun Yoshimune as a Ronin and spent some time in a temple. He also participated in 俳諧 Haikai poetry meetings.
Some of his work is called seijimono 政事物 "Political Writings".
- His most famous publications are
当世武野俗談
近代公実厳秘録
近世江都著聞集
名君享保録

He was executed at 小塚原刑場.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Toodai Edo Hyaku Bakemono 当代江戸百化物 A hundred strange things in Edo
(とうだいえどひゃくばけもの)Todai Edo Hyaku Bakemono
"An Album of One Hundred Monsters"
(Toodai Edo Hyakkabutsu)
This essay is not about Yokai, or ghosts or spooks.
He describes the "monstrous people" of his times, from Samurai to merchants to doctors to Kabuki actors and more.
青山三右衛門, 山田由林, 中村七三郎, 鵜野長斎, 紙屋五郎兵衛 . . .
- Read all the names of the 27 people here:
source : izumikawauso.cocolog-nifty.com
宝暦当時江戸市中の噂に上った、人物を、士庶とりまぜて二十七名、二十三章に記述するものである

- English reference : Todai Edo Hyaku Bakemono -

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- quote
A Christian Samurai: The Trials of Baba Bunko
by William J Farge SJ




Although Japanese scholars have acclaimed Baba Bunko (1718-1759) as the most outstanding essayist and public speaker of the Tokugawa period (1603-1868). Western historians of Japan have long ignored him. This is because Bunko's very existence contradicts the historical narrative that they have constructed. According to that narrative, Christianity in Japan ceased to exist by 1640, except in small, scattered communities, centered mainly on the Nagasaki area.

Through a close critical analysis of Baba Bunko's often humorous, but always biting, satirical essays a new picture of the hidden world of Christianity in eighteenth-century Japan emerges - a picture that contradicts the generally-held belief among Western historians that the Catholic mission in Japan ended in failure. A Christian Samurai will surprise many readers when they discover that Christian moral teachings not only survived the long period of persecution but influenced Japanese society throughout the Tokugawa period.

Bunko's bold assertion that a representation of the Eucharist would be more appropriate as a symbol for Japan than the coat of arms of the emperor or the insignia of the shogun would eventually lead to his arrest, trial, and execution. The legal proceedings against him reveal the government's embarrassment at the failure of its attempts to eliminate Christianity.

This historical and literary study focuses on the personal as well as the public lives of many of the historical figures who were prominent in politics, philosophy, religion, and culture in the eighteenth century. The decadent state of Buddhism, the decline of Confucianism, and the popularity of the Yoshiwara "pleasure" quarters are some of the topics that illuminate this new history of early modern Japan and of the survival of Christianity.

The first complete English translation of Baba Bunko's Contemporary Edo:
An Album of One Hundred Monsters is included as an appendix.
- source : amazon.com

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- quote about "A Christian Samurai" -
Baba Bunkō (1718–59), a samurai from Iyo domain in Shikoku, set out in 1751 to begin a new life in the capital of Edo (now Tokyo) as a bureaucrat in the government of Tokugawa Ieshige (1711–61), the Japanese shogun... - snip snip-
1. Deus Restored
2. Tokugawa Christianity
3. Popular Games and Monster Stories
Gossip about the samurai class and rumors of scandal in the private lives of public officials were constantly circulating in the capital. Baba Bunkō took advantage of his listeners' interest in the comings and goings...
4. Raindrops Falling in the Forest
The "monster" that attracted Baba Bunkō's attention as no other was the daimyō 金森頼錦 Kanamori Yorikane. Between October and November of 1755, Kanamori had arrested more than five hundred peasants from...
5. Baba Bunko's Political and Social Dissent
Although censorship was enforced sporadically and was never very effective during the Tokugawa period, the bakufu did take measures to ensure that security would not be threatened. Officials kept a close eye...
6. The Decline of Tokugawa Neo-Confucianism
7. Baba Bunko's Literary Heritage
Modern Western historians have not included Baba Bunkō in their accounts of the Tokugawa period, except occasionally in passing or as a footnote. Perhaps this is because they consider Bunkō's writings to be of...
8. Kabuki Actors, Monks, and Courtesans
The propensity of not a few samurai to become romantically involved with a male onnagata actor or with a courtesan of one of the "pleasure" districts did not go unnoticed. Bunkō speculates that their illicit liaisons...
9. The Breakdown of Social Order
10. The Christian Question
After Bunkō renounced his samurai status, resigned his government post, and began giving lectures criticizing various aspects of the prevailing culture of Tokugawa Japan, he turned to writing satirical essays and...
Contemporary Edo: An Album of One Hundred Monsters

- with PDF files to download from here:
- source : muse.jhu.edu/book -
Welcome to Project MUSE

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馬場文耕集 / 馬場文耕 (著), 岡田哲 (著) Okada Tetsu

Matsuzaki Gyojin Baba Bunko Muno Zokudan Baba Bunko Edo Chobun Shu
Buya zokudan (Secular tales in the martial field) by Baba Bunko, 1757)

- reference : baba bunko -

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The most extreme case was Baba Bunko (1718— 1759), the only writer throughout the entire Edo period to be executed for the crime of violating publication laws ...
- An Edo Anthology: Literature from Japan's Mega-City,
Jones, Sumie, Watanabe, Kenji
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Baba Bunko (1718?-1758), for example, who was active during the 1750s, was savagely critical of contemporary political authority ...
- Edo Culture: Daily Life and Diversions in Urban Japan,
Matsunosuke Nishiyama, Gerald Groemer
- source : books.google.co.jp -


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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 8/24/2016 09:58:00 am

18 Aug 2016

GOKURAKU - Saburo Tengu Iizuna


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア - Tengu ABC-Index .
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Saburoo, Saburō 三郎天狗 Saburo Tengu
飯綱三郎天狗 Izuna Saburo Tengu


He is quite popular and represented in many illustrations.
He lives on Mount Iizunayama 飯砂山 / 飯綱山 in Nagano.
Also known as Iizuna Gongen 飯綱権現 he is worshiped at many mountains.
Izuna Gongen is depicted as a beaked, winged figure with snakes wrapped around his limbs, surrounded by a halo of flame, riding on the back of a fox and brandishing a sword.
- quote wikipedia -


CLICK for more photos !

- quote
Mount Iizuna (飯縄山 Iizuna-yama),
also known as Mount Izuna (飯綱山 Izuna-yama), is a mountain located ten kilometers north-northwest of the heart of Nagano, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Together with Mount Reisenji (霊仙寺山 Resenji-yama?), Mount Menō (瑪瑙山 Menō-yama), and others, it forms the Iizuna range. It has an elevation of 1,917 metres.

This mountain is a sacred site for mountain-based religious sects such as Shugendo, and said to be the home of a tengu named Saburō. According to legend, there was once a strange, edible sand somewhere on the mountain, which the tengu would distribute in times of poor harvest.
- source : wikipedia


. Iizuna Gongen, Izuna no Gongen 飯網の権現 .
- Introduction -
This is an incarnation of the Fox Deity, Inari. People pray to him for a bountiful harvest and good luck in business. He looks like a Tengu, a long-nosed goblin.
Some Yamabushi sects thin Iizuna (Izuna) is the original Japanese form (honji) of Fudo Myo-0, especially at Mt. Takao near Tokyo.



Iizuna Daigongen 飯縄大権現 Izuna Daigongen
. Mount Takao, 薬王院 Yakuo-In .

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- quote -
Tengu Saburō 天狗三郎 of Mt. Iizuna 飯綱山 in Nagano Prefecture. Also known as Izuna Gongen 飯網権現, Izuna Saburō, Mishima Daimyōgi, Izuna Myōjin, Daitengu Saburō, Izuna-Atago, Akiba Gongen, Sanshakubō Gongen, Akiba Daitengu. The Izuna cult is first mentioned in the Kamakura-era text Asabashō 阿婆縛抄 (1279) and associated with Togakushi Temple 戸隠神社 in Nagano prefecture. Izuna Gongen is also enshrined at Yakuōin Temple 薬王院 on Mt. Takao 高尾山 (in Hachiōji, Tokyo). Typically depicted in artwork as a Tengu riding atop a white fox.
Dōryō Gongen 道了権現 at the temple Saijo-ji.



Izuna Saburō Tengu 飯綱三郎天狗 (aka Daimyō Tengu Izuna Saburō 大妙天狗飯綱三郎, Izunasan Gongen 伊豆山権現, or Hashiriyu Gongen 走湯権現) is the guardian deity of sacred Mt. Izusan 伊豆山 (a Shugendō site from around the Kamakura period) said to reside at a hot spring on Izusan in Shizuoka prefecture. Over time the deity was linked with Hakone Gongen 箱根権現 and Kōrai Gongen 高麗権現 -- the three are considered one and the same.
In the Meiji period, when Buddhism and Shintōism were forcibly separated by the government, Izusan became a holy Shintō site and many of its Buddhist treasures were lost or scattered. Izusan Gongen is the Shintō manifestation of the Buddhist deity Senju Kannon 千手観音 (1000-armed Kannon).

Iconographically, Izuna Gongen is usually depicted in the form of a tengu [a mythical winged demon with long nose believed to live deep in the mountains], and riding upon a white fox, a depiction resembling that of the deity Akiba Gongen [Sanshaku Gongen]. Sanjakubō (三尺坊) of Mount Akiba Since Akiba Gongen is also believed to have originated in the Mt. Izuna and Togakushi area, the two deities are obviously closely related. Since the Buddhist counterpart (honji or "original essence"; see honji suijaku) of Izuna Gongen is said to be the bodhisattva Jizō (Sk. Ksitigarbha), the cult displays a mutual influence with the Atago cult (which involved an amalgamation with Shōgun Jizō or "Jizō of victory"). As a result, the deities are often referred to by the conjoined name Izuna-Atago.

The cult of Tengu Saburō is first mentioned in the Kamakura-era text Asabashō 阿婆縛抄 (1279), and Akibasan Sanshakubō 秋葉山三尺坊 (Nagano),
- - - - - - Continue reading
- source : Mark Schumacher -

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source : blog.goo.ne.jp/yorezo/e
飯綱三郎(イイヅナ サブロウ) Iizuna Saburo

- - - - - and more photos from
飯縄神社 Iizuna Jinja

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- quote -
Izuna Gongen
A kami worshiped by practitioners of the Izuna shugen cult. Also called Izuna Myōjin, this kami is enshrined in the Izuna Shrine at the summit of Mt. Izuna in the district of Kamiminochi, Nagano Prefecture. The Izuna cult first appears historically in the second part of the Kamakura-period work Asaba- shō (1279), where the name of Mount Izuna is seen in the legendary origins of the temple Togakushi-dera. Based on this entry, the cult is believed to have first spread among ascetic practitioners (shugen) at Togakushi. Later, however, the cult became increasingly independent in the form of Izuna shugen, and in the Muromachi period it was led by a famous pilgrim guide (sendatsu) named Sennichi Tayū.

Iconographically, Izuna Gongen is usually depicted in a form resembling that of a tengu (a mythical winged demon with long nose believed to live deep in the mountains), and riding upon a white fox, a depiction resembling that of the deity Akiba Gongen (Sanshaku Gongen). Since Akiba Gongen is also believed to have originated in the Mt. Izuna and Togakushi area, the two deities are obviously closely related. Since the Buddhist counterpart (honji or "original essence"; see honji suijaku) of Izuna Gongen is said to be the bodhisattva Jizō (Sk. Ksitigarbha), the cult displays a mutual influence with the Atago cult (which involved an amalgamation with Shōgun Jizō or "Jizō of victory"). As a result, the deities are often referred to by the conjoined name Izuna-Atago.

The Izuna cult also underwent combination from an early period with the cult of the Buddhist deity Dakini (Sk. Dakini), and a kind of magical technique was adopted from the medieval period involving the use of foxes as spirit familiars. This belief spread even among members of the court and warriors; the deputy shogun Hosokawa Masamoto (1466-1507) was known to have practiced the Izuna-Atago techniques (ref., Ashikaga kiseiki, Jūhen Ōninki), and the imperial regent Kujō Tanemichi (1509-1097) is likewise said to have studied Izuna practices (ref., Matsunaga Teitoku, Taionki). Such practices involving on the control of spirit familiars of foxes (kitsune tsukai) later came to be called izuna tsukai.

The Izuna cult came to be associated with military arts as well, and Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin are known to have shown strong devotion to Izuna Gongen as a martial tutelary. The school of Japanese fencing called Shintō Munenryū is also said to have originated at Mt. Izuna. In addition to Mt. Izuna in Nagano, Izuna Gongen can be found enshrined at Yakuōin on Mt. Takao (in Hachiōji, Tokyo), Hinagadake in Gifu, and Mt. Izuna in Sendai. The Izuna Gongen of Sendai goes by the name Izuna Saburō, and is particularly well known as one of the "three tengū of Japan."
Some scholars have suggested that belief in this tengu was responsible for the Izuna cult.
- reference source : Kokugakuin - Ito Satoshi -


. Dakini Ten 荼枳尼天 Vajra Daakini.

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Tengu no mugimeshi 天狗の麦飯 boiled barley and rice of the Tengu

- quote -
Untersuchungen über "Tengu-no-Mugimeshi",
ein in der Natur massenhaft auftretendes, aus einem Kapselbacterium und einigen anderen Mikroorganismen bestehendes Klümpchen.


Bearbeitet von T. KAWAMURA nach den vom verewigt. Verf. hinterlassenen Handschriften
Naoye Ono
- source : jstage.jst.go.jp/article -



source : toki.moo.jp/gaten/651-700/gate669

北信・飯縄山の天狗の麦飯 Tengu from Iizunayama having lunch eating rice with barley.
The origin of the word Iizuna is 飯砂 "cooked rice sand".
It is also called 、飯粒・飯砂・餓鬼の飯, rice for the demons.
The Tengu use a ritual called 「飯縄の法」 to prepare food for themselves and the humans.



テングノムギメシ(天狗の麦飯)Tengu no Mugimeshi
... from 10 different kinds of moss
10種類程度の真正細菌の集合体で、Ktedonobacteria 綱 Ktedonobacterales 目、γ-proteobacteria 綱 Ellin307/WD2124、α-proteobacteria 綱 Beijerinckiaceae/Methylocystaceae,Acidobacteria 門 subdiv. など
- reference : wikipedia -


. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

神風や飯を掘出す秋の山
kamikaze ya meshi o hori-dasu aki no yama

divine wind--
digging up moss
on the autumn mountain


Literally, kamikaze refers to a "providential wind," the "wind of the gods." Long after Issa's time, the word was used to describe suicide planes packed with explosives that pilots flew into enemy ships.
According to Kazuhiko Maruyama in his edition of Shichiban nikki (Tokyo: Iwanami, 2.440), Issa is referring to tengu no mugimeshi ("Tengu's boiled barley and rice"): a kind of moss grows in volcanic soil.
Tr. and comment : David Lanoue


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暖かく天狗の麦飯抓みける
atatakaku tengu no mugimeshi tsunekikeru

矢島渚男 Yajima Nagisao (1935 - )

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Tengu no suzuri iwa 天狗の硯岩 Inkstone rock of the Tengu
at Mount Iizunayama




. suzuri 硯 inkstone, ink stone .

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. . . CLICK here for Photos !
- reference 三郎天狗 -

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #saburotengu #iizuna #izunagongen -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 8/16/2016 12:43:00 pm

KAPPA - 48 great Tengu of Japan


. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア - Tengu ABC-Index .
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四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan

Each Tengu has a personal name with ... BO 坊 (priest) and also the name of the mountain where he resides.
The mountains of Japan were thought to be the residence of Tengu since ancient times.



修験道の本 ― 神と仏が融合する山界曼荼羅

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四十八天狗 48 Tengu of Japan - ABC
- the order varies according to the source -

. Ajari 阿闍梨坊 Ajari-Bo 肥後阿闍梨 Higo Ajari Kōen 皇円 Saint Koen . - Kumamoto
妙高山足立坊 - Ashidatebo, Myokosan - Niigata
彦山豊前坊 - Buzenbo, Hikozan, Fukuoka
高良山筑後坊 - Chikugobo, Korazan - Fukuoka
笠置山大僧正 - Daisojo, Kasagizan - Kyoto
天岩船檀特坊 - Dantokubo, Amanoiwafune - unknown
富士山陀羅尼坊 - Daranibo, Fujisan - Shizuoka

都度沖普賢坊 - Fugenbo, Tsudooki - Shimane
鬼界ヶ島伽藍坊 - Garanbo, Kikaigashima - Kagoshima
常陸筑波法印 - Hoinbo, Hitachi Tsukuba (Hidachi) - Ibaraki (筑波山)
石鎚山法起坊 / 石槌山法起坊 - Hokibo, Ishituchizan (Ishizuchizan) - Ehime
比叡山法性坊 - Hoseibo, Hieizan - Kyoto
. 比良山次郎坊 / 二郎坊 / 治朗坊 - Jirobo, Hirasan .
越中立山繩垂坊 - Jusuibo, Etchu Tateyama - Toyama

横川覚海坊 - Kakukaibo, Yokogawa (1142 - 1223) - Kyoto (比叡山)
熊野大峯菊丈坊 - Kikujobo, Kumano Omine - Nara
長門普明鬼宿坊 - Kishukubo, Nagato Fumyo - Hiroshima
白髪山高積坊 - Kojobo, Shiragayama - Kochi
象頭山金剛坊 - Kongobo, Zozusan - Kagawa
羽黒山金光坊 - Konkobo, Mount Hagurosan - Yamagata
浅間ヶ嶽金平坊 - Konpeibo (Konbeibo), Asamagatake - Gunma
黒眷属金比羅坊 - Konpirabo, Kurokenzoku - Kagawa
高野山高林坊 - Korinbo, Koyasan - Wakayama
宰府高垣高林坊 / 宰府高垣高森坊 - Korinbo, Saifu Takagaki - Fukuoka
葛城高天坊 - Kotenbo, Katsuragi - Nara
醫王島光徳坊 - Kotokubo, Iogashima - Kagoshima
吉野皆杉小桜坊 - Kozakurabo, Yoshino Minasugi - Nara

上野妙義坊 - Myogibo, Ueno - Gunma
妙義山日光坊 - Nikkobo, Myogisan - Gunma
紫黄山利久坊 / 紫黄山利休坊 - Rikyubo, Shiozan - Ibaraki
御嶽山六石坊 - Rokusekibo, Mitakezan - Nagano
大原住吉剣坊 - Rugyobo, Ohara Sumiyoshi - Tottori

飯綱三郎 - Saburo, Iizuna (Izuna) - Nagano
白峯相模坊 / 白峰相模坊 - Sagamibo, Shiramine - Kagawa
厳島三鬼坊 - Sankibo, Itsukushima - Hiroshima
天満山三萬坊 / 天満山三万坊 - Sanmanbo, Tenmanzan - Gifu
秋葉山三尺坊 - Sanshakubo, Akibayama - Shizuoka
新田山佐徳坊 - Santokubo, Sattazan (Nittazan) - Gunma
伯耆大山清光坊 - Seikobo, Hoki Daisen - Tottori
日向尾畑新蔵坊 - Shinzobo, Hyuga Obatake - Miyagi
鞍馬山僧正坊 - Sojobo, Kuramayama - Kyoto
奈良大久杉坂坊 - Sugisakabo, Nara Ohiza - unknown

高雄内供奉 - Takao Naigubu - Kyoto
. 愛宕山太郎坊 - Tarobo, Atagoyama - Kyoto .
日光山東光坊 - Tokobo, Nikkozan - Tochigi
板遠山頓鈍坊 - Tondonbo, Handazan (Hanenzan) - unknown
如意ヶ嶽薬師坊 - Yakushibo, Nyoigatake - Kyoto
那智滝本前鬼坊 - Zenkibo, Nachinotakimoto - Nara


- the great Tengu of Japan - 大天狗
- 巨大天狗
- 大天狗になる者
- 大天狗と鼻高天狗
- source : wikipedia



source : komacy.exblog.jp

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日本三大天狗 Three most important Tengu of Japan
Sandai Tengu 三大天狗


愛宕山太郎坊 Atagoyama Tarobo - Kyoto
鞍馬山僧正坊 Kuramayama Shohobo - Kyoto
比良山治朗坊 Hirasan Jirobo - Shiga

- or in other collections:
飯綱三郎 - Saburo, Iizuna (Izuna) - Nagano
高尾山薬王院 Takaozan Yakuo-In, Tokyo
迦葉山弥勒寺 Kashozan, - Gunma Numata - Tenson Keijun 天巽慶順

or Tarobo, Jirobo and Saburobo

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八天狗 Eight Tengu of Japan


source : toki.moo.jp/gaten

愛宕山太郎坊 - Atagoyama Tarobo, Kyoto
鞍馬山僧正坊 Kuramayama Shohobo - Kyoto
比良山治朗坊 Hirasan Jirobo - Shiga
比良山治朗坊 Izuna Saburo - Nagano
相模大山伯耆坊 Sagami Oyama Hokibo
彦山豊前坊 Hikozan Buzenbo
大峰前鬼 Omine Zenki
白峰相模坊 Shiramine Sagamibo



大天狗、中天狗、小天狗、烏天狗、水天狗
... 室町時代以降、各地の霊山や力のある山伏集団のいる山では、天狗
に対する崇敬を強め、 ...
- reference : toki.moo.jp/gaten -


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- quote -
Historical Notes.
Tengu mythology was probably introduced to Japan in the 6th or 7th century AD, in conjunction with the arrival of Buddhism from Korea and China. These goblins thereafter appear in Japan's ancient documents (e.g., from around 720 AD), and are closely associated with Mount Kurama in Japan (near Kibune), the abode of the legendary white-haired Sōjōbō (Sojobo) 僧正坊, King of Tengu.
In Myths and Legends of Japan (1913; by F. Hadland Davis), the Tengu are said to emanate from the primordial Japanese god Susano-o. Tengu lore can be found not just in Buddhist circles, but also among Shinto, Budo, and Ninpo groups. As late as 1860, the Edo Government was posting official notices to the Tengu, asking the goblins to temporarily vacate a certain mountain during a scheduled visit by the Shogun (see Japan and China, by Captain Brinkley). see de Visser's report.
...
In paintings and woodblock prints, the boar often appears as the steed of the tengu or of their king, Sōjōbō 僧正坊. Sōjōbō is closely linked to famed warrior Minamoto no Yoshitsune 源義経 (1159-1189), one of Japan's most revered samurai. In a well-known legend, Yoshitsune lived among the tengu in his youth and received training in the arts of war from Sōjōbō himself.
Note:
The Buddhist martial deity Marishiten is also often shown riding atop a boar.

Another possible interpretation of the above image relates to the following Zen story: "One day a hunter was in the mountains when he happened to see a snake killing a bird. Suddenly a boar appeared and began to devour the snake. The hunter thought he should kill the boar, but changed his mind because he did not want to be a link in such a chain, and cause his own death by the next predator to come along. On his way home he heard a voice call to him from the top of a tree. It was the voice of a tengu. It told him how lucky he was, for had he killed the boar, the tengu would have killed him. The man subsequently moved into a cave and never killed another animal."
Sources: A Field Guide to Demons, Fairies, Fallen Angels, and Other Subversive Spirits (by Carol Mack, Dinah Mack) and Animal Motifs in Asian Art: An Illustrated Guide to Their Meanings and Aesthetics (by Katherine M. Ball).
- source : Mark Schumacher -

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- quote -
tengu 天狗 Lit. celestial dog.
A bird-like goblin frequently encountered in Japanese folk-beliefs, literature and their pictorial depictions. The Japanese demons derive the name from the Chinese mountain god Tiangou 天狗, but also are related to the winged Buddhist deity Garuda. Furthermore, tengu are seen as transformations (keshin 化身) of Shinto deities, yama-no-kami 山の神, mountain guardians often associated with tall trees.
Tengu are of two physical types: karasutengu 烏天狗 identified by a bird's head and beak; and konoha tengu 木の葉天狗 distinguished by a human physique but with wings and a long nose. This type of tengu often carries a feather fan in one hand. Because of its long nose, tengu are associated with the Shinto deity Sarutahiko 猿田彦 who takes on the visage of a monkey, and tengu masks play a prominent role in some religious festivals.

Early Japanese popular tales such as those in the KONJAKU MONOGATARI 今昔物語 (early 12c) portray tengu as enemies of Buddhism, setting fires at temples or tricking priests. Priests who attain special powers through religious discipline, but use these powers for their own ends were thought to enter in the next life the transmigratory realm of tengudou 天狗道.
The earliest representations of tengu are in Kamakura period emaki 絵巻, such as the "Tengu zoushi emaki 天狗草紙絵巻" of 1296 (Nezu 根津 Museum), which criticize arrogant priests who end up becoming tengu.
According to legend, as a boy the famous warrior Minamoto no Yoshitsune 源義経 (1159-89) trained in magical swordsmanship with the tengu king Soujoubou 僧正坊 (Sojobo) near Kuramadera 鞍馬寺 in the mountains north of Kyoto. Tengu frequently are shown in pictures concerning the life of Yoshitsune, including both the Hogen-Heiji 保元平治 battle screens (Metropolitan Museum) and depictions of "Hashi Benkei 橋弁慶" or "Benkei 弁慶 at the Bridge" theme. The Momoyama period daimyo 大名 Kobayakawa Takakage 小早川隆景 (1532-90) supposedly held dialogues with the tengu king Buzenbou 豊前坊 (Buzenbo) on Mt. Hiko 彦.



The character of tengu gradually changed over the centuries.
For instance, tengu were long thought to abduct children, but by the Edo period they often were enlisted to aid in the search for missing children. Similarly, tengu became temple guardians and sculpted images of them were placed on or around temple buildings. Tengu also are associated with yamabushi 山伏 or "mountain ascetics," whose form they often assumed. Tengu often are depicted wearing the yamabushi's distinctive cap and robe. Illustration of tengu increased in popularity and variety during the Edo period, usually reflecting the more positive and even light-hearted conception of the once-ferocious demon. In particular, the long nose of the tengu carried both comic and sexual meaning in ukiyo-e 浮世絵 prints.
- source : JAANUS -


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. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #48tengu #bigtengu #importanttengu -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/12/2016 09:51:00 am

GOKURAKU - Hira Jirobo Tengu


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Jirooboo, Jirōbō 次郎坊 / 二郎坊 Jirobo Tengu
- 比良の次郎坊 Hira no Jirobo / 比良治郎坊


Jiro is usually used as a name for the second son of a family.
So Jirobo is the younger brother of Taro, the eldest son:

. Tarooboo, Tarōbō 太郎坊 Tarobo, Taro-Bo .
- Introduction 愛宕山太郎坊 -


source : youkaitama.seesaa.net/article


Jirobo first lived at Mount Hieizan 比叡山 (see below) but was driven away from by priest Saicho and the stronger mountain priests and moved on to 比良山 Hirasan in Shiga.

Tarobo and Jirobo used to live at Mount 赤神山 Akagamiyama in Shiga.


source : blog.goo.ne.jp/dreamgogogo
太郎坊宮 Tarobo Aka Jinja 阿賀神社



Tarobo to cast a vow - gankake 願掛け天狗 




source : blog.goo.ne.jp/dreamgogogo

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source : nichibun.ac.jp/YoukaiGazo

比良治郎坊 Hira Jirobo and  愛宕栄術太郎 Atago Taro 
by 一魁齋芳年(月岡芳年 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi )
顔つきは厳しく、眉毛が濃い。鼻は大きく、突き出している。法衣のような白っぽい着物を身に着けている。両腕を挙げ、前方を睨みつけている。

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. Hieizan, Hiei-zan 比叡山 Mount Hiei - Kyoto .
and priest Saicho, Dengyo Daishi 伝教大師最澄

Legend says a learned monk from Mount Hieizan turned into a 大天狗 Big Tengu, maybe with a long nose 鼻高天狗,
Hieizan Hooseiboo 比叡山法性坊 Hoseibo.

Soni 尊意 Priest Soni, Son-I
(866 - 940)

He was the 13th head priest of the Tendai sect.
He is also known as 梨本祖師 or 法性房 Hoseibo.
He was born in Omi no Kuni.
- reference : wikipedia -


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僧正坊 Sojo-Bo, Sojobo from Kuramayama 鞍馬山 - Kurama Tengu
sometimes said Jirobo was the elder brother of the Kurama Tengu.


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. 太郎坊の杉 Tarobo-no-sugi and Jirobo-no-sugi 次郎坊の杉. .
at 羽田神社 Hada Jinj in Miyagi 宮城県

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. - - - Join my Tengupedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. 四十八天狗 - 48 famous Tengu of Japan .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #jirobo #jirooboo -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Gokuraku - Jigoku on 8/14/2016 01:46:00 pm

14 Aug 2016

MINGEI - Tengu art motives


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. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア - Tengu ABC-List .
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Tengu 天狗 art motives with the Tengu Goblin

Tengu are supernatural creatures found in Japanese folklore, art, theater, and literature. They are one of the best known Yokai妖怪 and are sometimes worshiped as 神 Shinto deities.
. Tengupedia - 天狗ペディア - Tengu ABC-List .


under construction
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. hariko 張子 papermachee dolls .





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. kokeshi こけし wooden dolls .



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. tsuchi ningyoo 土人形 tsuchiningyo clay dolls .




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. dorei どれい / 土鈴 clay bells .





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. maneki neko, manekineko 招き猫 beckoning cat .





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. ema 絵馬 votive tablets .



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. tako 凧 kites .



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. ukiyo-e 浮世絵 "pictures of the floating world" .



河鍋暁斎・飛天と天狗 Kawanabe Kyosai

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. Join the Ukiyo-E friends on facebook ! .




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. Kappa 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappa, the Water Goblin of Japan! .



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- ABC - List of Tengu art motives from the Prefectures

................................................................................. Ehime 愛媛県  

. Isono Jinja 伊曽乃神社 .
hamaki, hama ki 破魔鬼 demon mask to ward off evil
Its origin is said to be a craw tengu goblin (karasu tengu 烏天狗).


................................................................................. Hiroshima 広島県  


. Kibitsuhiko jinja 吉備津彦神社 .
betchaa men べっちゃー面 masks
There are three main masks of a tengu, big serpent and a bad man.

................................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県  

. Kamasaki Onsen 鎌先温泉 .
ichimon tengubata . tenbata 一文天狗旗 / 一文てんばた
"flag with tengu goblin", a kite


................................................................................. Nagasaki 長崎県  

. Suwa Jinja 諏訪神社 of Nagasaki .
tengu men 天狗面 Tengu mask
But the Tengu looks more like an oni, 鬼 a demon. They are an amulet to ward off evil. Three little bamboo stick horns, painted white, come out of the head.

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. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Omamori - Japanese Amulets on 8/12/2016 02:06:00 pm