Showing posts with label Kappa. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kappa. Show all posts

1 Jul 2016

KAPPA - chochin lantern Yokai


- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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choochin 提灯 / 提燈 / チョウチン Chochin, Lantern

. Chochin, all kinds of Japanese Lanterns .
- Introduction -



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bakechoochin, bake-choochin 化け提灯 Bake-Chochin, Monster Lantern
The Magic Lantern

A class of YŌKAI known as TSUKOMOGAMI.


source : Matt on facebook

- quote
Chōchin-obake (提灯お化け, "paper lantern ghost") is a type of Tsukumogami,
"[the] lantern-spook (chochinobake) ... a stock character in the pantheon of ghouls and earned mention in the definitive demonology of 1784." The Chōchin-obake also appears in the obake karuta card game, popular from the Edo period to the early 20th century (and still in use today).



The Chōchin-obake in particular was created from a chōchin lantern, composed of "bamboo and paper or silk."
They are portrayed with "one eye, and a long tongue protruding from an open mouth."
- source : wikipedia



CLICK for more photos !

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

............................................................................ Nara 奈良県
吉野町 Yoshino

kitsune no choochin gyooretsu 狐の提灯行列 lantern parade of foxes
昭和23・4年の頃、狐の提灯行列があったので、家族全部で外に出て見た。大きい提灯から小さい提灯まで続いていた。


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
304 提灯 (00)
35 チョウチン
49 提燈 / 狐の提燈 kitsune no choochin

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. - - - Join my Yokai friends on facebook ! - - - .

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- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .
- Reference -

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


. Kappa densetsu 河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #chochinobake #lanternyokai #choochinyokai -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 6/30/2016 09:40:00 am

EDO - Tamagawa Josui district


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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .
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Tamagawa Joosui 多摩川上水 Tamagawa Josui Kanal   

idohori shi 井戸堀師 digging a well
or making a new well


To provide clean water for the people of Edo was quite a job.
The wells were not dug in the ground but water from a river or public waterway (for example Tamagawa Josui 玉川上水) was let through wooden pipes (kidoi 木樋) to a huge well tank under ground, where the people could take it out for their daily use.
Drinking water was stored in each home for cooking.



Digging wells in the low-lying parts of Edo would only yield salty water from the sea.
In these parts water was transported by
mizubune 水舟 "water boats".
mizuya 水屋 water salesmen
carried the water from the boats to the customers.
The whole system was supervised by the
mizubugyoo, mizu bugyō 水奉行 waterworks administrator


. Drinking water : cleaning wells and waterways .


歌川広重 Utagawa Hiroshige

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- quote
Tamagawa Josui - Edo's Water Supply
One of the busiest men in Edo is the mizu-bugyo (the water "mayor") -- the man in charge of Edo's water supply. It is a huge job to keep the water system in Edo working properly. Since all the pipes are made of wood, they need to be replaced once in a while. Earthquakes are not uncommon in Edo, and even a small quake may cause pipes to crack or start to leak. In times of drought, the supply of water needs to be carefully controlled, to make sure that it is distributed fairly to all parts of the city. The job of managing the city's water system is handled by the mizu-bugyo and a staff of mizu-bannin (water technicians).

The mizu-bugyo is one of the few top officials in the bakufu who is appointed to his position, rather than inheriting it. He and his assistants, the mizu-bannin, are responsible for handling all of the repair work on the banks of the canals, as well as maintaining the distribution systems through the city.

Before Tokugawa Ieyasu moved to Edo in 1590, the town was still very small, and the people living in Edo got all the water they needed from the small streams flowing down from the hills of the Yama-no-te into Edo Bay. The main streams were the Koishikawa (Koishi River) in the north, and the Megurogawa (Meguro River) in the south. When the Tokugawa family moved to Edo, with all of his warriors and retainers, it quickly became clear that the traditional sources of water would not be enough to supply all the people in the growing town. Therefore, Ieyasu started the first of many water supply projects, or josui , to bring water to the city. ("jo-sui" literally means "lifting water" or "water inflow")

The first thing Ieyasu did was to build an extensive network of wells throughout the city, which were supplied with water from the main streams -- mainly the Koishi River. Wooden sluices and pipes were built to carry water underground from the river to each of the wells. This ensured that people living in every part of the city had access to fresh water. However, it did not increase the supply. After Ieyasu became Shogun, in 1603, Edo started to grow even more rapidly, and soon there was not enough water to supply all of the wells in the city.

The second major josui project that the Tokugawa shoguns carried out was the Kanda josui . To increase the volume of water supplied to the city wells, two large canals were built to redirect the flow of several smaller streams. Before, they used to flow into the Tama river, but once the canals were built the water flowed straight through the center of Edo. This new man-made "river" was named the Kanda-gawa (Kanda River) because it joined up with the Koishi river at a point near Kanda.

The main branch of the Kanda river starts at a small lake, which was named "Inokashira" (the head of the well), because it supplies all of the wells in Edo. This lake is about ten kilometers west of the city. A smaller branch starts in an area of marshes near Zenpukuji temple, so it was named the Zenpukuji river. The Kanda josui runs east through the hilly Yamanote area until it reaches Yotsuya. At Yotsuya, the water flow is divided. Part of it enters the main outer moat surrounding Edo Castle, and the rest of the water is directed into the main pipes that supply water to all of the city's wells.

An important part of the Kanda josui water project was to build the underground piping system that would carry water from the main intake at Yotsuya to each of the wells in the city. It took a huge effort to dig the trenches, build wooden pipes to carry the water to the wells, and then rebury all the pipes under the city streets. By the time this project was complete, there were about 67 kilometers of underground pipes supplying water to over 3600 wells in the city. At one point, one of the main water pipes crosses back over the Kanda River on top of a large bridge. This bridge is named Suido-bashi, or "Water-works Bridge".

The Kanda josui and a few smaller canal projects were able to provide enough water for the city for several decades. But Edo continued to grow. By the mid-1600s the population was already well over half a million people, and once again there were water shortages as the current supply system was insufficient to meet the needs of all the people. The third Shogun, Iemitsu, realized that water shortages could soon cripple the economy of Edo, so he ordered the most ambitious water supply project yet; a canal to carry water from the Tama river -- 50 kilometers west of the city -- to downtown Edo.

Work began on the Tamagawa josui in February 1653. A small dam was built on the river near the town of Hamura, and workmen began digging a canal across the hills to carry the water to Edo. At that time, there were only a few small villages located in the hilly, wooded region between the northern suburbs of Edo and the Tama river. Apart from one or two small streams, there were few good sources of water in the area, and certainly not enough to support rice farming.

It was rough work digging the huge canal -- in some places, the workers had to dig a channel as much as 18 meters deep -- through the heavily wooded hills. However, as the digging work proceded, and the canal reached further and further towards the city, people began to move into the cleared areas where the workers built their camps, and soon small towns began to spring up along the banks of the canal. The Shogun assigned such a large group of workmen to the Tamagawa josui project that they were able to complete the canal in just seven months. Once the water began flowing through the canal, many areas to the west of the city were transformed from woodlands into small farming towns, which grow vegetables to sell in the city.

The Tamagawa josui links up with the Kanda josui just to the west of the city, and the underground piping system was redesigned and extended to cover an even wider area of the city. Today, there are more than 150 kilometers of pipes in the Edo water systems, and the wells that are connected to this water system supply over 60% of the citizens with water for drinking, bathing and washing.

However, there are still some parts of the city where it is impossible to build wells and waterworks, particularly in the low-lying areas along the coast of Edo Bay, in Fukagawa and Kiba. Whenever you dig a well, it quickly fills up with salty water. People who live in these areas cannot get their drinking water from the wells, although they do use well water for bathing and washing. Drinking water must be carried into these areas of the city in special boats called mizu-bune (water boats).

A large pipe from the main water system empties into the Nihonbashi River at a point near Edo Castle. The mizu-bune load up with water at this pipe, and then travel to the areas of the city that have no wells. Water salesmen, or "mizu-ya", meet the boats at one of the piers in this area, and fill large buckets with water. Then they walk from door to door carrying their water buckets and sell drinking water to the people who live there. Although this system is somewhat inconvenient, the cost is very low.

The water-sellers store water in large casks and tanks in each neighborhood, so the people who live in these areas can always find water nearby when they run out. The system of mizu-bune and mizu-ya is managed by the government. This system allows thousands of people to live in an area that would otherwise be almost uninhabitable.
- source : Edomatsu

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玉川上水を世界遺産に
- source : ngo-npo.net/tamagawaj/pc -

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- quote -
... in 1590, Shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa created the Koishikawa canal which was sourced from the springwater in Inokashira, located higher in altitude than the central part of Edo. This had developed into the Kanda canal.

As Edo grew rapidly in scale, the increasing demand for water outstripped the capacity of the Kanda canal. Then, the Shogunate started to construct the Tamagawa canal, drawing water from the Tama River with rich water resource. The new 43 kilometers canal was dug only in seven months, and completed in 1653. Japan's constructing and engineering techniques were surprisingly sophisticated. The total length of the underground water pipes in Edo reached over 150 kilometers at the peak period, which made it one of the world's largest water network of the time in terms of service area and the number of beneficiaries.

The Tamagawa canal, with a stable supply of water throughout the year, contributed Edo to be a big city with a population of 1.2 million. More precisely, the reason why the canal could satisfy the water needs was the constant flow of water from the Tama River with fertile forests along with its upper reaches.

- source : JFS - Sustainability in EDO - Eisuke Ishikawa -

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- reference : Tamagawa Josui -

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- - - - - H A I K U and S E N R Y U - - - - -

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月かげや夜も水売る日本橋
tsukikage ya yoru mo mizu uru Nihonbashi

moonlight . . .
even at night water is sold
at Nihonbashi bridge


. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .


Selling drinking water was a normal job in Edo.
And on the bright moonlit nights life in Edo just went on and on ...
(remember, this is a time without electricity )

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Matsuo Basho was working for the Water Office of Edo.
His home in Fukagawa was suited to supervise the Kanda waterway 神田上水.

. 芭蕉庵 Basho-An in Fukagawa .

. Basho working for the waterworks department of the Edo .


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. Famous Places and Powerspots of Edo 江戸の名所 .

. Doing Business in Edo - 商売 - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

. senryu, senryū 川柳 Senryu poems in Edo .

. Japanese Architecture - Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. densetsu 伝説 Japanese Legends - Introduction .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]- - - - - #tamagawajosui #tamagawawater #edodrinkingwater #idohori #mizubugyo - - - -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Edo - the EDOPEDIA - on 10/22/2015 09:32:00 am

26 Jun 2016

KAPPA - Yamanba and Yahahime yokai


- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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Yamanba, Yamauba 山姥 and 山姫 Yamahime
Yamanba, Yamamba is the "old hag from the mountain"
Yamahime is "princess of the mountain", a Yokai monster, also called
Yama onna 山女 "woman of the mountain".


- quote
山姫(やまひめ)または山女(やまおんな)は、日本に伝わる妖怪。その名の通り、山奥に住む女の姿をした妖怪である。




各伝承により性質に差異はあるものの、多くは長い髪を持つ色白の美女とされる。服装は半裸の腰に草の葉の蓑を纏っているともいうが、樹皮を編んだ服を着ている、十二単を着た姿との説もある.
The wikipedia features some legends about the Yamahime.
- source : wikipedia

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- quote -
Yamauba (山姥 or 山うば), Yamamba or Yamanba are variations on the name of a yōkai found in Japanese folklore.
- - - Description
Depending on the text and translator, the Yamauba appears as a monstrous crone, "her unkempt hair long and golden white ... her kimono filthy and tattered," with cannibalistic tendencies. In one tale a mother traveling to her village is forced to give birth in a mountain hut assisted by a seemingly kind old woman, only to discover, when it is too late, that the stranger is actually Yamauba, with plans to eat the helpless Kintarō. [5] In another story the yōkai raises the orphan hero Kintarō, who goes on to become the famous warrior Sakata no Kintoki.
Yamauba
is said to have a mouth at the top of her head, hidden under her hair. In one story it is related that her only weakness is a certain flower containing her soul.


Yamauba, Hair Undone, by Hokusai

- - - Noh Drama
In one Noh drama, translated as, Yama-uba, Dame of the Mountain, Komparu Zenchiku states the following:
Yamauba is the fairy of the mountains, which have been under her care since the world began. She decks them with snow in winter, with blossoms in spring ... She has grown very old. Wild white hair hangs down her shoulders; her face is very thin. There was a courtesan of the Capital who made a dance representing the wanderings of Yamauba. It had such success that people called this courtesan Yamauba though her real name was Hyakuma.
The play takes place one evening as Hyakuma is traveling to visit the Zenko Temple in Shinano, when she accepts the hospitality of a woman who turns out to be none other than the real Yamauba, herself.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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source : www.garitto.com

. Ogawa Usen (1868-1938) .

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yamanba 山姥(やまんば)old mountain woman, who breastfeeds a baby.
This is said to be a symbol of Mother Mary feeding the baby Christ.
Nagasaki, Amakusa 天草土人形 Amakusa clay doll

. Amakusa tsuchi ningyoo 天草土人形 Amakusa Clay Dolls .

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

............................................................................ Fukushima 福島県

In the deep river water there live the Kappa who pull the children's chinchin (penis).
In the deep mountains there lives the Old Woman of the Mountain, Yamanba 山姥.
So you should never go to the river alone or go to the mountains alone.
In the mountains also wear a bell (as usually done to protect against bears.)

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. The Monster Woman from Kurozuka 黒塚 鬼ばば / 鬼女 Onibaba .


............................................................................ Gifu 岐阜県
池田町 Ikeda

yamanba 山姥 old woman in a mountain
山姥の危急を救ってやった男がいた。染物屋が紋付の着物を男のところにもってきたが覚えが無い。家紋に間違いが無いので受け取ったが、後日なくなっていた。山姥が持ち去ったのだといわれた。


............................................................................ Iwate 岩手県

In the region of 遠野 Tono the Yama-onna has a great sexual appetite. She captures human men and enjoys sex with them as long as they last. Then she kills and eats them.


............................................................................ Kagoshima 鹿児島県

鹿児島県肝属郡牛根村(現・垂水市)では山奥に押し入ってきた男を襲い、生き血を啜るという[2]。信州(長野県)の九頭龍山の本性を確かめるために山中に入った男が、山姫に遭って毒気を浴びせられ、命を落としたという逸話もある。

屋久島では山姫をニイヨメジョとも呼び、伝承が数多く残る。十二単姿で緋の袴を穿いているとも、縦縞の着物を着ているとも、半裸でシダの葉で作った腰蓑を纏っているともいうが、いずれも踵に届くほど長い髪の若い女であることは共通している。山姫に笑いかけられ、思わず笑って返せば血を吸われて殺されるという。山姫をにらみつけるか、草鞋の鼻緒を切って唾を吐きかけたものを投げつけるか、サカキの枝を振れば難を逃れられる。しかし、山姫が笑う前に笑えば身を守れるとの伝承もある[6]。

かつて屋久島吉田集落の者が、山に麦の初穂を供えるため、旧暦8月のある日に18人で連れ立って御岳に登った。途中で日が暮れたため、山小屋に泊まった。翌朝の早朝、飯炊きが皆より早く起きて朝食の準備をしていたところ、妙な女が現れ、眠る一同の上にまたがって何かしている。結局、物陰に隠れていた飯炊き以外の全員が血を吸われて死んでいたという。


............................................................................ Kochi 高知県

In 大月町 Otsuki the Yama-onna is quite dangerous. She sucks blood out of humans and just seeing her from afar makes a person get high fever and die eventually.


............................................................................ Kumamoto 熊本県

熊本県下益城郡でいう山女は、地面につくほど長い髪に節を持ち、人を見ると大声で笑いかけるという。あるときに山女に出遭った女性が笑いかけられ、女性が大声を出すと山女は逃げ去ったが、笑われた際に血を吸われたらしく、間もなく死んでしまったという.



............................................................................ Miyagi 宮城県

1935年頃(昭和10年頃)、宮城県仙台市青葉区で山仕事に出た女性が3歳になる娘を草むらに寝かせて仕事をしていたところ、いつしか娘が姿を消していた。捜索の末、翌朝に隣り部落の山中で娘が発見され「母ちゃんと一緒に寝た」と答えていたことから、人々は山女か狐の仕業と語ったという。


............................................................................ Miyazaki 宮崎県

In えびの市 Ebino town the Yamahime likes to wash her long hair and sing in a pleasant voice. But she also sucks the blood out of humans and they die.

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東臼杵郡 Higashiusuki

. Yama-Onna and the namekuji なめくじ slug .


............................................................................ Oita 大分県

大分県の黒岳でいう山姫は絶世の美女だという。ある旅人が山姫と知らずに声をかけたところ、山姫の舌が長く伸び、旅人は血を吸い尽くされて死んでしまったという。


............................................................................ Okayama 岡山県

明治の末から大正初めにかけ、岡山に山姫が現れた事例がある。荒れた髪で、ギロギロと目を光らせ、服は腰のみぼろ布を纏い、生きたカエルやヘビを食べ、山のみならず民家にも姿を見せた。付近の住民たちによって殺されたが、その正体は近くの村の娘であり、正気を失ってこのような姿に変わり果てたのであった。


............................................................................ Tokushima 徳島県

山ヲンナ / ヤマオンナ / 山オンナ Yama-Onna
One evening a man was washing his body using a tub, when a Yama-Onna passed by. She placed the tub including the man on her head and carried them to the mountain. The man grabbed some branches and escaped. Then he followed her shadow and saw her disappearing in a cave.
The mother of the young man remarked: "If she finds out that there is no one in the tub, the Yama-Onna will certainly get quite confused. She will shape-shift into a spider and come to get you tonight!"
That night a huge spider came hanging down from the ceiling, but when the man tried to hit her, she fled in haste.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
223 山姥 (00)
46 ヤマウバ (00)
14 山女 (00)
8 ヤマオンナ (01)
山姫

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yukinba 雪婆 Yukinba, the Snow Hag
yukionna, yuki onna 雪女 (ゆきおんな) "snow woman"


CLICK for more photos

- quote -
Yukinba is essentially a Yamanba variation on Yuki-onna from Ehime. Yukinba likes to come out on winter nights when snow is falling. Children are not allowed outside on such nights because Yukinba may abduct them (to eat is implied). She is presumably one-legged as she leaves a track of solo footprints.

According to the Edo era scroll Bakemono Emaki (Monster Scroll ばけもの絵巻), a man was walking in a wheat field during a snowstorm around the 2nd month (lunisolar calendar). He heard a woman's voice calling his name. When he looked up, he saw a one-legged old woman with messy hair hurtling towards him through the snow. He hurriedly ran away and after running for some time, the snowstorm lifted and the old woman disappeared.

In Yamagata, they say that when the Shirotsuko insect flies in late autumn, it means Yukinba is in the nearby mountains.
- source : yokaigrove.wordpress.com -


- quote -
Yuki-onna (雪女, snow woman) is a spirit or yōkai in Japanese folklore. She is a popular figure in Japanese literature, manga, film , and animation.
She may also go by such names as yuki-musume "snow girl", yuki-onago "snow wench", yukijorō "snow harlot", yuki anesa "snow sis'", yuki-omba "snow granny or snow nanny", yukinba "snow hag" (Ehime), yukifuri-baba "snowfall hag"(Nagano).


Gazu Hyakki Yakō by Toriyama Sekien

- - - Lafcadio Hearn's version
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. yuki-onna 雪女 (ゆきおんな) "snow woman" .
- kigo for winter -

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. - - - Join my Yokai friends on facebook ! - - - .

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- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .
- Reference -

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


. Kappa densetsu 河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #yamanba #yamamba #yamahime #mountainhag #yukionna -
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. Yuki Daruma 雪だるま snowman Daruma .

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 6/24/2016 09:29:00 am

19 Jun 2016

KAPPA - Umibozu yokai



- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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umiboozu, umibōzu 海坊主 Umibozu, "sea monk", "sea bonze"
umihooshi 海法師 Umihoshi, Umi boshi / uminyuudoo 海入道 Uminyudo

mojabune 亡者船 "ship of the dead", associated with Umibozu.


Tokuso the sailor encountering an Umibozu
Utagawa Kuniyoshi / 歌川国芳 『東海道五十三対 桑名』の海坊主

- quote
The Umibōzu is said to live in the ocean and capsize the ship of anyone who dares speak to it. This spirit's name, which combines the character for "sea" with the character of "Buddhist monk," is possibly related to the fact that the Umibōzu is said to have a large, round head, resembling the shaven heads of Buddhist monks. Alternatively they are demonic Yōkai (spectres) that appear to shipwreck victims and fishermen.
They are believed to be drowned priests, and exhibit the shaven head and typically appears to be praying. It is usually reported as having a grey, cloud-like torso and serpentine limbs.
According to one story,
if angered, they ask that the crews provide a barrel that it proceeds to fill with sea water to drown them. To avoid this disastrous fate, it is necessary to give him a bottomless barrel.
This folktale is likely related to another Japanese tradition, which says that the souls of people who have no one to look after their graves take refuge at sea.
The umibōzu
is a very well known yōkai as it is also recognized in modern Japanese culture: ...
- source : more in the wikipedia


- quote -
Umibōzu – The Sea Monk

Translated and sourced from Mizuki Shigeru's Mujara, Yokai Jiten, Japanese Wikipedia, and other sources.
If you find yourself out sailing strange tides in an unfamiliar sea, the umibozu is not the kind of monk you should pray to for help.
Traditionally,
umibozu rise from calm waters. Their appearance is sometimes said to herald a coming storm, and they can be accompanied by other strange ocean phenomenon. Or even just feelings of dread. In any case, wise fishermen could read the signs that an umibozu was about, and would refuse to launch their boat until the waters were clear.
When they attack,
some say that they cling to the hull of a ship to drag it down, or have great stretching arms that can pull a ship down by its mast. Some say that they try desperately to quench any lit fires on the boat. Some say they cry "Kuya kuya" as they attack, and that striking them with the oars will bring cries of pain, "Oitata!," from the smaller species. In some legends, they can be repelled by tobacco smoke. ...
. . . with all the details here
- source : Zack Davisson -


- quote -
Umi bōzu
..... APPEARANCE: Perhaps no other aquatic yokai is as mysterious as the giant umi bōzu. Their true form is unknown, as they are only ever seen from the shoulders up, but they appear to be roughly humanoid in shape, with inky black skin and a pair of large, round eyes. Eye-witnesses report a great range in size, from slightly larger than a ship, to a size so unimaginable that only the creature's bulbous face is visible above the water. Its head is smooth and round like that of a venerable monk, and its body is nude and as black as shadow. Some reports make them out to be more serpentine, while others make them out to be more ghostly, like a gigantic kind of funa-yūrei.
INTERACTIONS: .....
ORIGIN:.....
- source : yokai.com/umibouzu -

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Some legends involve a ladle, ladel, scoop, dipper called
shaku 杓, shakuji 杓子, hishaku 柄杓 / ヒシャク, enaga エナガ


source : 猫も杓子も

Umibozu comes and asks for a ladle: Shaku kure しゃくくれ.
If he gets one he begins to scoop water into the boat until it sinks.
So before giving him one you have to knock the bottom out of it.

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大洋にいる海坊主はすっぽんの体に人頭で髪が無く、大きなもので5,6尺ある。これを見ると不漁になる。捕らえて殺そうとすると涙を流して助けを乞うように見える。
中国では和尚魚という。

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

............................................................................ Aichi 愛知県
知多郡 Chita district 美浜町 Mihama

ある男が晩に海岸通を歩いていると知人にあい,声をかけた。男が「この辺は海坊主が出るという。頭が丸く,背が3メートルもあるという。」と言うと,その知人は「このくらいか」といって3メートルの海坊主になった。男が家に逃げ帰り,息子にその話をすると,息子の背もやはり3メートルほどになったという。


............................................................................ Aomori 青森県

In Aomori prefecture, Shimokita district, Higashidori village, people who ate shark (eating shark was sometimes taboo in Japan, as sharks ate people so it was seen as cannibalistic) were said to become mojyabune (亡者船; ship of the dead), which was associated with the umibozu. People protected themselves from the mojyabune by mixing miso paste with water and pouring it into the ocean.
Zack Davisson



............................................................................ Ehime 愛媛県

海坊主は毛がたくさんついていて、相撲を挑んだり,夜遅く通る船に「つけてくれ」と言ったりする。ある力自慢の人が海坊主と格闘になったが、そのうち鶏が鳴き、海坊主は姿を消した。三日ほどしてその人は死んだ。
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入道鼻の海坊主は相撲を挑んだり、夜遅く通りかかる船に「つけてくれ」と言ったりする。力自慢の男が海坊主と格闘したが、鶏が鳴くと姿を消した。身体には毛がたくさんついていた。三日ほどしてその男は死んだが、海坊主も出なくなった。
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話者が漁に出た帰路に、船が進まなくなった。海坊主につかまったと思ったが、話者の父は「海神に御神酒を供えるとよい」と言う。酒を海に注ぐと、船は動き出した。海坊主が舟をつかまえるのは、海神が怒っているからという。
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船を「たでる」とは、船に付く虫を蒸し殺すことである。船たでの際は船霊様は陸に上がっているという。船たでが終わるとタデ棒で二三度船をたたいて終了を知らせる。実際の船霊様は女の人形で、船大工が作る。funatama
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夜間、海にでるとエンコ(海坊主)が相撲を挑んでくる。これに応じたら必ずヅベ(肛門)を抜かれると言う。 - Enoko (Kappa)
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舟の艪をいくら漕いでも前進しないと、海坊主がついたためだとされる。海坊主は火の玉や女の姿になって現れたりする。杓子を貸せといって現れたときは、底を抜いた杓子を渡さないと、海水をつぎこまれて水舟にされてしまう。 - shakuji
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夜、漁に出ていると、海坊主が手を出して「杓をくれ」という。この時は底の抜けた杓をやらなくてはいけない。海坊主はその杓で船一杯水がたまるまで水を汲むため。- shaku

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松山市 Matsuyama

二神の沖で、40年前に海坊主が現れたという。頭は坊主で赤銅色で、手足があって目が丸い。7・8寸の尾があり、泳ぎ方は人間よりも少し遅いという。これを見た人は長寿するといわれている。

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南宇和郡 Minami Uwa district 城辺町 Johen

沖へ出ると海坊主が出て、水が呑みたいから柄杓を貸せ、と言う。貸すと船に水を入れられて沈められてしまう。逃げようとして櫓を漕ぐと水が入って沈んでしまう。海坊主に遭ったらもう助からない。
hishaku

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御荘町 Misho town

海坊主の船は帆柱のセミがついていないのですぐわかる。海坊主の船と競漕しても勝ち目はない。赤火(出産の穢れ)・黒火(死の穢れ)の者が乗っていると、必ず海坊主に憑かれる。金比羅様を念じたり、鰯をくすべたり、マッチの火を投げつけると退散する。

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中島町 Nakajima town

海坊主は頭が坊主で赤銅色で手足があり、七・八寸の尾がある。見た者は長寿する。宇和島には、漁に出ていたら舟に何かが上がってきたので槍をつくと逃げたが、その奥さんがあんまに化けた海坊主に殺されたという話がある。

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宇和島市 Uwajima town

艪をいくらこいでも前進しない時は海坊主がついている。海坊主が火の玉となって海上を飛んだり、女の姿となって現れたりする。エナガ(杓子)を貸せと言われて底の抜いたエナガを渡さないと海水をつぎこまれて沈んでしまう。 enaga shakuji


............................................................................ Hyogo 兵庫県

Aiga no umiboozu 安乎の海坊主 Umibozu from Aiga
いつの頃であろうか、淡路島の安乎(洲本市安乎町)の海に、見たことも無い奇妙な生き物が現われたという。
それを見た者の話をまとめると、体はねずみ色で、猿のような頭に丸い眼と尖った口。喉の下が茶色く、手はヒレのようで、海老のような尾ビレをしていたという。しかし、全身を見たものは誰もいなかった。
また、海中深く潜ってヒラメやカレイなどを捕らえては海の上に浮きあがって食べていたという。

Komagabayashi no umiboozu 駒ヶ林の海坊主 Umibozu from Komagabayashi
明治の頃の話である。ある年の一月三十一日、駒ヶ林村(現 兵庫県神戸市長田区駒ヶ林町)の男が沖に船を出した。しばらく進むと、突然目の前の海上に大きな山のような物が現われた。驚いた男はその山を避けようと進路を変えるのだが、どうしたわけか、いくら船の向きを変えても目の前に山が立ちはだかる。何度かそんな事を繰り返した後、男は諦めてそのまま目の前の山めがけて突き進んで行った。するとどうしたことだろう、山はまるで雲か霞のように消えてなくなり、男は無事港に帰り着くことができたという。
そんな事があって以来、駒ヶ林村では(旧暦の)一月三十一日に海に出ると化け物に遇うといって船を出さなかったという。
- reference : nachtmahr_3rd/F-tales/umibouzu -

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明石市 Akashi town

海坊主が船に乗ることがある。何かがのった感じがするが、何もいない。杓子で海水を汲んで、オモテ(船先き)に投げかけ、その杓子のそこを抜いて海に流すとよい。海坊主はしけの日にはでない、凪の日にかぎってでる。shakuji


............................................................................ Ishikawa 石川県
鳳至郡 Fugeshi district 能都町 Noto

Once a man went fishing alone when suddenly from the sea an Umibozu appeared and told him: "You had better go home now!".
By the time he reached the beach, the man was dead.



............................................................................ Kagawa 香川県
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丸亀島 Marugame island

amagoi 雨乞 and tsurigane 釣鐘 rain rituals and temple bell
ある運送屋の夫婦が釣鐘を運んで阿波の国に向かう途中、釣鐘がいつの間にか消え、驚いた夫は水死し、妻は後を追った。それ以来、沖では、鐘の音が聞こえたり、鐘を撞く海坊主が見られた。風説が広がり、恐れられたので、船頭達は鳴神を祀って神社を建てた。怪異はなくなり、この神社は雨乞いの験があるという。

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三豊郡 Mitoyo district 詫間町 Takuma

The Umibozu is seen as the spirit of 水死者 drowned people.

enko エンコ (河童)Kappa
At Tanabata 七夕には、海坊主が出ないので、皆潮浴びに出るという。海坊主が出ないのは、人間がお客に呼んだからだという。エンコに竹のゴクチを、人間はタケノコを食べ、人間が食べ終わってもエンコは食べ終わっておらず、エンコは人間が偉いと思ったという。またエンコが相撲を取ろうと言ったら、人間は手につばを吐いた。つばを吐くのを止めろと言っても止めないからエンコは恐ろしくなって相撲を取るのを止めたという。

............................................................................ Miyagi 宮城県

漁船は出港する際満潮のときに祈祷して海上安全・大漁万足を祈祷する、正月神官に船の旗を清めてもらい船霊様に安置する、虎猫を乗せていけば漁がある、海坊主が出て船を沈めるから、底なしの手柄杓を一つ持っていく、などといわれる。
hishaku

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石巻市 Ishinomaki town, 網地浜 Ajihama beach

藩政時代の末頃の話。力士大戸平(大正時代,二代目関脇金の花,年寄尾車,本名阿部吉太郎)の祖父は力自慢の大男であったが,夏の夕べ砂浜を歩いていると,夕暗の中から突然袖をつかんで引っ張るものがある。相手の手首を握ろうとしたがぬるぬるして掴めない。海坊主である。とっさに砂浜に引き上げてあった船に掴まったが船もろとも海に引き込まれそうになった。その時通りかかった人たちがこの様子を見て流人の脱島(網地島は流刑地)と勘違いし誰だと怒鳴ったので,海坊主は袖を引きちぎって倒れた。その隙に祖父は逃げ,家の近くまで来てふり返るともう海坊主はいなくなっていた。それから祖父は病みつき,しばらくして亡くなった。


............................................................................ Nagasaki 長崎県

海坊主は舟へ来てアカトリを貸せという。貸さないと船を沈めると脅す。アカトリを貸すと海の潮を船に汲み込んで船を沈める。一説には死んだ人間の魂という。高した災難に遭わないために漁師は船に船玉様をまつって祈願を込めた。

. Funadama 船霊 / 船玉 female guardian deity of a boat .

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有川町 Arikawa

sokoyuurei ソコ幽霊につかれると船が動かなくなる。海坊主のようになったり、幽霊船になったりもするらしい。

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五島市 Goto

Funayuurei 船幽霊 Funayurei
幽霊船や海坊主は柄杓を貸せという。そこを抜いて貸さないと船に水を注がれて沈められる。船幽霊は決して艫からは船へ上がってこない。船玉様がともの方を向いているからだという。磯女は乳から上が人間で下は幽霊のように流れていて、やはり船を襲う。
Funadama


............................................................................ Niigata 新潟県

海坊主に出会った場合は味噌を海中にまけば逃げるとされている。
miso


............................................................................ Oita 大分県
国東町 Kunisaki town

松原の沖の尼が瀬では,舟の中で寝ると海坊主に襲われる。女の海坊主は築港の中に,男は外海に出る。船霊様を祀る舟の中央部にいれば現れない。海坊主が柄杓を求めたときには水を汲み込まれるので,柄杓の底を抜いて与えるとよい。 hishaku

............................................................................ Okayama 岡山県

... the umibozu were considered to be an aspect of the yokai nurarihyon.
Sailors in the Seto Inland Sea feared the rising of the nurarihyon's large head from the water, which would flip ships over as a joke.
Zack Davisson

nurarihyon ぬらりひょん / 滑瓢
illustration by Sekien 鳥山石燕『画図百鬼夜行』
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


............................................................................ Osaka 大阪府
貝塚市 Kaizuka

和泉国に住んでいる人が言うには、貝塚のあたりに海辺には時々海坊主が現れて、磯の近くに来るという。そのあたりの家では子供を磯には行かせず、間違って行くと捕られるという。3日ほどで沖に帰るという。その形は人に似て大きく、全身は漆のように黒く、半身を海上に現す。



............................................................................ Shimane 島根県

Fishermen do not go to sea on the 16th of August (last day of O-Bon rituals for the ancestors).
On this day the Umibozu comes and asks for a ヒシャク ladle. If he gets one he begins to scoop water into the boat until it sinks. So before giving him one you have to knock the bottom out of it.

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那賀郡 Naka district 濱田町 Hamada

The Umibozu is also called Norouma のろうま.

のろうまを海坊主とも言う。船が近寄ってきて柄杓を貸せと言ってきたとき、底を抜いた柄杓を貸さないと、それで水を汲みこんで船を沈没させてしまう。

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八束郡 Yatsuka district 美保関町 Mihonoseki

船頭が暴風雨に遭った。すると海坊主が船の舳先に上がってきて、世の中で何が一番恐いかと問うので、商売が一番恐いと答えたら、その海坊主はたちまち消えて、暴風雨も止んだ。



............................................................................ Shizuoka 静岡県

In Shizuoka prefecture, Kamo district, they told tales of the umi kozo, which refers to a young monk. The umi kozo was covered in a fine hair up to its eyes, and came up along people's fishing lines, cackling hideously.
Zack Davisson

oshooroosama, o-shooroo sama オショーロー様 O-Shoro sama
お盆の13日の夕方に漁をしていると、海坊主が出て来て柄杓をくれと言う。この日はオショーロー様が帰って来る日なので、海坊主はオショーロー様の怒りであろう。 hishaku

namikozoo 波小僧 Namikozo, Nami Kozo, Monk of the Waves
If a fisherman helps the Umibozu or Namikozo, he will be able to predict the weather according to the sound of the waves.



- quote -
Namikozo Statue at Maisaka
When you walk along the Rows of Pine Trees at Maisaka, you will find the statue of a young boy called Namikozo. According to the folklore in Enshu region, Namikozo is a yokai (goblin) who has the power to tell the weather by the sound of the waves.
The legend has it that namikozo originated from one of the two straw dolls produced from the harvested rice. Priest Gyoki (highly respected priest during mid 8th century) chanted the sutra and told the dolls to help the farmers to forewarn the storms and threw them into the river. Years later one of the dolls turned into the goblin and was caught by the fishnet of the fishermen.
The goblin asked the fishermen to let him go and he will use his magic so that the fishermen know how the weather will be like by the sounds of the waves and fishermen released him. Since then, when the roaring of the wave comes from the southeast it tells the sign of rain, from the southwest the sign of fine weather.
Namikozo is often picked as one of the seven wonders of Enshu Province.
- source : virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia -

- reference : namikozo -

. Gyooki Bosatsu 行基菩薩 Gyoki Bosatsu (668-749) .


............................................................................ Tokyo 東京都
神津島 Kozushima

The Umibozu can posess a person. If someone goes picking Nori seaweed, he might end up a dead body.


............................................................................ Yamagata 山形県

kawaboozu 河坊主 Kawabozu, River Monk
In the village of 大石田 Oishida there are Kawabozu and Umibozu, who eat live snakes and can make humans look like snakes and more.


............................................................................ Yamaguchi 山口県
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萩市 Hagi town

Sometimes an Umibozu comes onto a ship. In that case you should start to sharpen a knife on a whetstone. This will make the Umibozu jump back into the sea.

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長門市 Nagato

夜に沖へ出るとよく火を見る。風に逆らって走る船影も度々見る。万燈のように灯をつけた船が突然近付き、急に消える事もある。海上で遭難した人の魂が同志を取るために人を殺すのであろう。海坊主が篝をけしにきたので、篝火を投げ付けたという話もある。

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大島郡 Oshima district 周防大島町 Suo Oshima

師走に周防大島の港へ向う船が逆風に会い、やがてハタと止まったかと思うと、目が一つの男が海から船に乗ろうとし、「おまえはこの世の中で何が一番恐ろしい」と聞いた。船頭が「生業が一番恐ろしい」と答えると、消えた。海坊主だという。
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Funayuurei 船幽霊の話である。海で闇の中、突然大坊主が現われてニタニタ笑っている。簀板を持って殴りつけるとパッと消えるがまたニュッと立っている。追っても追っても逃げないが、そのうち鶏が鳴くと消えた。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
53 海坊主 (40)

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. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- Japanese reference -

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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

亜空間の無声の原の海坊主

林桂 Hayashi Kei (1953 - )

- reference : haikureikudb - 妖怪 -

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- source : Umibozu Jewelry -





10 Types of Sea Monsters
The Umibōzu is a Yōkai or ghost from Japanese folklore, specifically the ghost of a drowned priest. Another unfriendly water being, the Umibōzu will upturn your ship if you speak to it. The Umibōzu mainly preys on fishermen and shipwrecked sailors. Today the Umibōzu is a recurring figure in many contemporary manga series.
- source : hubpages.com/education Sea-Monsters -

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- reference source : -
Ayakashi (妖)
is the collective name for yōkai that appear above the surface of some body of water.
In the Nagasaki Prefecture, the kaika that appear above water are called this, and in the funayūrei in the Yamaguchi Prefecture and the Saga Prefecture are also called this. In the western part of Japan, they are said to be those who died at sea and are attempting to capture people to join them. In Tsushima, they are also called "kaika of ayakashi (ayakashi no kaika)," and appear on beaches in the evening, and it would look like as if a child were walking in the middle of the fire. On coasts, kaika would appear as mountains and obstruct one's path, and are said to disappear if one doesn't avoid the mountain and tries to bump into it intently.
There is the folk belief
that if a live sharksucker, an actual fish, gets stuck to the bottom of the boat, it would not be able to move, so ayakashi is a synonym for this type of fish.
In the Konjaku Hyakki Shūi by Sekien Toriyama,
the ayakashi is represented by a large sea snake, but this may actually be an ikuchi.
- - - - - Legend in Chiba
In the "Kaidanoi no Tsue," a collection of ghost stories from the Edo period, there was as stated below.It was in Taidōzaki, Chōsei District, Chiba Prefecture. A certain ship needed water and went up to land. A beautiful woman scooped up water from a well, and thus retrieved the water and returned to the boat. When this was said to the boatman, the boatman said, "There is no well in that place. A long time ago, there was someone who needed water and went up to land in the same way, and became missing. That woman was the ayakashi." When the boatman hurriedly set the ship to sea, the woman came chasing and bit into the hull of the ship. Without delay, they drove it away by striking it with the oar, and were able to escape.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Ikuchi, Ikuji イクチ
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. - - - Join my Yokai friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. Hashihime, Hashi Hime 橋姫 / はし姫 "Princess of the Bridge" .
a vengeful water deity


- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .
- Reference -

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


. Kappa densetsu 河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #umiboozu #umibozu #seabonze -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 6/18/2016 09:39:00 am

24 May 2016

KAPPA - Nihon Ryoiki book

http://kappapedia.blogspot.jp/2016/05/nihon-ryoiki-book.html


Nihon Ryoiki book

- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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Nihon Ryooiki, Nihon Ryōiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki
Ghostly Strange Records from Japan
Record of Miraculous Events in Japan

by Kyookai 景戒 (きょうかい/けいかい) Kyokai - Keikai, priest of Yakushi-Ji in the Nara period


source : plaza.rakuten.co.jp/caphiro
仏教」仏典の鬼(日本霊異記)

- quote -
Nihon Ryōiki 日本霊異記
is an early Heian period setsuwa collection. Written by Kyōkai between 787 and 824, it is Japan's oldest collection of Buddhist 説話 Setsuwa sermons .
It is three volumes in length.
- - - - - Title
Commonly abbreviated as Nihon Ryōiki, which means "Ghostly Strange Records from Japan," the full title is
Nihonkoku Genpō Zen'aku Ryōiki (日本国現報善悪霊異記).
It may also be read as Nihon Reiiki 日本霊記 .
The book has been translated into English under the title Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition, but this does not represent a literal translation of the Japanese title.
- - - - - Contents
The work is composed of three parts contained within three volumes. Each volume begins with a preface, and the final volume contains an epilogue. There are a total of 116 tales all dealing with Buddhist elements. There are also a total of nine poems.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


2 volumes by 中田祝夫 Tanaka Norio


Kyokai, Keikai 景戒 (きょうかい / けいかい)
(生没年不詳)は、奈良時代の薬師寺の僧。
日本最初の説話集『日本霊異記』の著者として知られる。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- and its modern version by 水木しげる Mizuki Shigeru
Record of Miraculous Events in Japan



. Shigeru Mizuki (水木 しげる) Mizuki Shigeru .

(1922 - 2015)

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Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition:
The Nihon Ryoiki of the Monk Kyokai

By Kyoko Motomuchi Nakamura




----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -

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Record of Miraculous Events in Japan: The Nihon ryoiki
By Keikai - translated by Burton Watson




- source : books.google.co.jp -

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To become a special 鬼 Oni demon, you have to make your head all red.
Sometimes the Oni has a hot iron ring on the head, sometimes he appears as a 番人 watchman.

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Once a young fox shape-shifted into the wife of a certain man and enjoyed the time with him. But when the dog barked, he showed his real features and run away as fast as he could.

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本当はこわい仏教むかし話 マンガでよむ『日本霊異記』
Terrifying Buddhist Stories of the Nihon Ryoiki - told as Manga



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.......................................................................... Aichi 愛媛県 ......................................

少子部蜾蠃 Chisakobe no Sugaru once invited a kaminari 雷 thunderbolt on request
of 雄略天皇 Emperor Yuryaku.
After Sugaru's death a stone memorial was erected in the place where it had happened. The inscription read
取雷栖軽之墓
The Kaminari deity got angry and tried to hit the stone, but was caught instead.


少子部 螺 (ちいさこべ すがる) Chisakobe Sugaru

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Emperor Yūryaku (雄略天皇 Yūryaku-tennō) was the 21st emperor of Japan ...
The sword at the Inariyama Kofun (Thunderbolt Mountain Kofun) is related to him.
Inariyama burial-mound sword (稲荷山古墳出土鉄剣 inariyama kofun shutsudo tekken)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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At the time of 敏達天皇 Emperor Bidatsu a farmer once went to his fields to drain the water off. But suddenly he found himself in a huge storm and rain. So he rested under a tree, but a thunderbolt hit. The Thunderbolt had the shape of a child and said:
"If you save me, I will give you a child."
So the farmer let the Thunderbolt go back to heaven and his wife became pregnant.


Emperor Bidatsu (敏達天皇 Bidatsu-tennō, 538 – 14 September 585) was the 30th emperor of Japan ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


.......................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県 ......................................

According to the Nihon Ryoki there is a family with a record dating back to
Mino no Kitsune 美濃の狐 The Fox of Mino.
There are supposed to be about 10 families with this background.


----- Read the details here :
三野狐 Mino no Kitsune, a woman of extraordinary strength . ..
- source : books.google.co.jp -


.......................................................................... Hyogo 兵庫県 ......................................

In 但馬国 Harima no Kuni (Northern part of Hyogo)
A young girl was once carried away by 鷲 an eagle. Many years later she was found in 丹波国加佐郡 the Kasa district of Tanba and could finally return home to her parents.



.......................................................................... Kyoto 京都府 ......................................

tooru no daijin no rei 融の大臣の霊 / Tôru daijin / The Minister Toru
Most of the stories of ghosts are about people becoming ghosts and appearing as a skull.
One of the oldest records is the Nihon Ryooiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki.
宇多院 Emperor Uda (867 - 931) made an official visit to 河原院 Kawara no In (the official residence of Minamoto no Tooru 源融 Toru (822 - 895).
The late owner of this Kawara residence, Toru, appeared clad in 衣冠 formal robes as a ghost to greet the visitor.
Kawara no Sadaijin 河原左大臣 - Poet and statesman

- reference - Minamoto no Toru -


. dokuro 髑髏と伝説 Legends about the Skull .
- Introduction -


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. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- reference : nichibun yokai database -



日本霊異記・宇治拾遺物語

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楢磐嶋(ならのいわしま)Nara no Iwashima (678 - ?)
At the time of Emperor Shomu

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


桑原の狭屋寺 Sayadera in Kuwahara in the Ito district of Kii province
At the time of Emperor Shomu

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Kitsune no Atai 狐直
A Fox Family from Mino province

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


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日本霊異記説話の研究
- - - - - Contents

.....
第一章 小子部説話 - Chisakobe
第二章 狐の直説話 - Kitsune no Atai 狐直
第三章 道場法師説話 - Doojoo, Priest Dojo of the Asuka period
第四章 狭屋寺説話 - 桑原の狭屋寺 Kuwahara no Sayadera
第五章 役小角説話 - En no Ozunu, En no Gyoja
第六章 討債鬼説話と食人鬼説話 - Demons eating humans
第七章 隠身の聖説話 - Kakuremi - invisible things

----- Read the details here :
- reference source : ci.nii.ac.jp/naid - 丸山, 顯徳 -

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. - - - Join my Yokai friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .
- Introduction -

. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .


. Kappa densetsu 河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #nihonryoiki -
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13 May 2016

KAPPA - tsukimono bewitched

- yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters -
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- tsukimono 憑き物 bewitched, possessed -

Being bewitched by a fox, badger, a Yokai or other ill-meaning foe was pretty common in Japan,
there are many legends and tales about it.

Another expression, often used with the fox or badger, is
kitsune ni bakasareru 狐に化かされる

Here is also a book on how to get rid of a possession or bewitchment.



憑き物の落とし方 ― 自分でできる陰陽道の作法
石田千尋

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- quote -
Tsukimono – The Possessing Thing
There are eight million gods and monsters in Japan, and more than a few of them like to ride around in human bodies from time to time. Yurei. Kappa. Tanuki. Tengu. Kitsune. Snakes. Cats. Horses. Almost anything can possess a human. But when they do, they are all known by a single name—Tsukimono, the Possessing Things.

What Does Tsukimono Mean?
Tsukimono is a straight forward term. It combines the kanji 憑 (tsuki; possession) + 物 (mono; thing). There is a different word for actual possession 憑依 (hyoi), which is the kanji 憑 (tsuki again, but this time pronounced hyo—because Japanese is hard) + 依 (I; caused by).

Although they are collectively known as tsukimono, different types of tsukimono use –tsuki as a suffix, such as kappa-tsuki (河童憑; kappa possession), tengu-tsuki (天狗憑; tengu possession), or the most common of all, kitsune-tsuki (狐憑; fox possession).

(憑 is an odd kanji by the way. It can do double duty not only as the verb tsuku (憑く; to possess) but also as a kanji for tanomu (憑む; to ask a favor). So in a strange way, possession means asking a favor of someone—really, really hard.)

Shinto God Possession
"The number of possessing spirits in Japan is something enormous. It is safe to say that no other nation of forty millions of people has ever produced its parallel" - Percival Lowell .....
..... this kind of God Possession—known alternately as kamiyadori (神宿り; kami dwelling), kamioroshi (神降ろし; kami descending), or kamigakari (神懸り; divine possession) –is different from tsukimono. .....

Tsukimono – Yokai and Animal Possession .....
..... it is always involuntary on the part of the possessed. No one invites a tsukimono into their body. .....
Types of Tsukimono – Snakes, Foxes, and Everything Else.....
- - - - - Mizuki Shigeru agrees with Percival Lowell. In his Mujyara, series he identifies the following types of possession. It is is by no means meant to be a complete list:

• Jizo-tsuki – Possession by Jizo
• Hannya-tsuki – Hannya possession
• Gaki-tsuki – Hungry Ghost possession
• Ikiryo-tsuki – Living Ghost possession
• Shibito-tsuki – Ghost possession
• Kappa-tsuki – Kappa possession
• Tengu-tsuki – Tengu possession
• Neko-tsuki – Cat possession
• Hebi-tsuki – Snake possession
• Tanuki-tsuki – Tanuki possession
• Uma-tsuki – Horse possession
• Inu-tsuki – Dog possession
• Kitsune-tsuki – Fox possession




Kitsune-tsuki is by far the most common type of tsukimono. It is also different from other tsukimono—instead of the possessed taking on fox-attributes, kitsune-tsuki feels like a bodily attack, with shortness of breath, phantom pains, speaking in strange voices, and epileptic fits. Kitsune-tsuki symptoms resembled classic demonic possession in Western culture.
- read the article here
- source : Zack Davisson -

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- quote
Witchcraft in Japan: The Roots of Magical Girls
..... Just like in the West, people in pre-modern Japan often explained phenomena like illness, floods and other misfortunes with evil spirits. In Japan's case, these evil spirits were thought to take the shape of animals: dogs, badgers, and especially foxes. These tsukimono (憑き物, "possessing beings") took possession of people in their search for food or other creature comforts. When they did so, bad luck, illness, and other misfortunes befell the possessed and those around them.



Alternatively, some people weren't possessed by tsukimono but kept them as pets or familiars. It is these people who are considered witches. Having tsukimono was usually a family affair. Families who owned tsukimono were known as tsukimono-suji (憑き物筋) or tsukimono-zukai (憑き物使い). In these cases, the tsukimono could have a beneficial impact on their handlers, bringing wealth and prosperity. And on the flip side, they were thought to bring illness and bad luck to anyone the owners dislike. This resulted in the families being feared and respected, but also ostracized.

People were hesitant to do business with such a family, and they had trouble selling property. In addition, the tsukimono were inheritable through the female line, making it nearly impossible for these women to find husbands. Tsukimono could not be disinherited or disowned, but one could attempt exorcisms with a Shinto priest, female medium or other spirit specialists. In Tohoku and Kyushu prefectures, religious practitioners and not families were thought to wield tsukimono. So these people could not only cure you of tsukimono possession but curse you with it, too.

Often these tsukimono-suji were simply wealthier than their neighbors. When jealous tongues started wagging and the rumors stuck, the family would be marked forever. As in Europe and America, being accused of this sort of witchcraft had a negative impact on the families' lives. Nevertheless, belief in these tsukimono was widespread. Cases of spirit possession as late as 1997 have been recorded.

In Japan, witchcraft wasn't exclusive to women, although it's interesting to note that the tsukimono are passed down generation to generation through the female line. This seems to affirm a widespread global belief that women are more capable of – and likely to be involved in – witchcraft.

Perhaps predictably, cats also feature in Japanese witch stories. Hundreds of years ago, it was a common belief that girls who visited a temple after the sun went down risked being targeted by a witch. The witch, disguised as a kindly old woman, would lure the girl to her house with the promise of a warm bed for the night. Once inside, the witch would resume her ordinary, frightening form and promptly devour the girl. And because cats often hung around temples, it was believed that they were witches in disguise, waiting for their next victim.



Today, a witch can be good or evil, and not always as self-serving as our ancestors believed. Japan's magical girls have come a long way from their spirit-wielding roots and are hardly seen as evildoers but rather as guardians and protectors. Looking at certain prominent anime and manga that feature magical girls, one will notice that there's always some sort of familiar either bestowing the magical gift upon the protagonists or, at least, helping out with it. .....
- source : japanistas.com/en/archives

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憑き物 - 鳥飼 否宇


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. Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .

Jizoo tsuki 地蔵憑き Possession by Jizo

Tofu Jizo 豆腐地蔵
山梨県飽海郡松山町竹田 Yamanashi, 善応寺 Zeno-Ji
相馬地方では大病の人、もしくは紛失物などがある時は「地蔵憑け」という事をする。それは村の老婆や婦人などがやって来て円形に座り、村でもあまり賢くない子供一人を中に入れ、子供にお札を持たせ、周囲の人が口々に、
南無地蔵大菩薩 おつきやれ 地蔵さん 地蔵さん 地蔵さん 
とせめ立てると中の子供は一種の催眠作用か、ぶるぶると札をふるわせれば地蔵さんは憑いたのである。それを見て色々病のことなれば、薬の処方、又は医者の方角、失せ物なれば、その方角、距離、出るか、出ないかを聞くのである。それが当たる様で、時々地蔵憑きをする。
- reference : jabaranran.blogspot.jp/2014 -

- reference -

. Bakejizおo, Bake-Jizo 化け地蔵 / 化地蔵 Jizo as a yokai monster .
obake Jizoo お化け地蔵 O-bake Jizo

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

. possessed by a fox 狐憑き .

. possessed by a Tanuki badger 狸憑き .


- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
226 憑き物 to explore

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. - - - Join my Kappa friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. Kappa densetsu 河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .


. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸 Regional Folk Art from Japan .

- #tsukimono #bewitched #possessed -
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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 5/12/2016 02:21:00 pm